1.
[
{F:W}{B:6K1/R7/8/8/8/3b2k1/3P3p/8}
This is the first of the endgame studies. There are two possible conditions for a study, either 'White to play and win' or 'White to play and draw'. The number of moves is not given because often there is no clear-cut finish, as with a problem. The solution ends when the result is obvious, this can be because of mate or stalemate, but more often it is because a theoretically winning (or drawing) material balance has been reached. The situation is similar to an over-the-board game, except that in a study you know that the win or draw is there if you look hard enough, whereas in a game you can only hope.]

2.
[{M:W}
{V:Kozlowski's study is a simple introduction. Black's passed pawn is on the verge of promotion, but there is a way for White to counteract it. Find the move that's leads to a draw. White to play and draw.;a7a1;Correct;Incorrect.;The key position arises after 1 Ra1 Kg2. Black threatens 2...Bf1 followed by ...h1Q, but White has one spare move with which to improve his king position... }]

3.
[
{S:a7a1}
1 Ra1
This is forced. After 1 Rg7+? Kf2 2 Rf7+ Ke2 3 Re7+ Kxd2 White cannot stop the pawn promoting, while 1 Ra3? h1Q 2 Rxd3+ Kf2 is a theoretical loss (positions with a queen against a rook and a pawn can only be drawn if the defender's king is near the pawn, or if the pawn is far advanced).]

4.
[
{S:g3g2}
1...Kg2
Black intends to block the rook by ...Bf1, and then promote his pawn. This is the key moment, so you might like to think about White's next move.]

5.
[
{S:g8h8}
2 Kh8!!
The drawing idea is to answer ...Bf1 by Ra7, intending to trap the newly-created queen by Rh7. Simply waiting doesn't work, for example 2 Rc1? Bf1 3 Rc7 h1Q 4 Rh7 Bc4+ and the queen escapes along the first rank. The problem in this line is that Black has a bishop check, so White must move his king to a dark square, while at the same time retaining control of a square on the h-file. 2 Kg7? Bf1 3 Ra8 h1Q 4 Rh8 doesn't work because of 4...Qg1 and White's king blocks the g-file. The only solution is to play the king to h8, even though it goes against one's natural instincts to allow Black to promote with check.]

6.
[
{S:d3f1}
2...Bf1]

7.
[
{S:a1a7}
3 Ra7!]

8.
[
{S:h2h1}{X:h1}{P:BQh1}
3...h1Q+
After 3...Bd3 White simply returns to a1.]

9.
[
{S:a7h7}
4 Rh7]

10.
[
{S:h1g1}
4...Qg1]

11.
[
{S:h7g7}
5 Rg7+  ...winning the queen and drawing.]
